2.5 Gran Chaco

- Abipón, Argentina, historic group
- Angaite (Angate), northwestern Paraguay
- Ayoreo (Morotoco, Moro, Zamuco), Bolivia and Paraguay
- Chamacoco (Zamuko), Paraguay
- Chané, Argentina and Bolivia
- Chiquitano (Chiquito, Tarapecosi), eastern Bolivia
- Chorote (Choroti), Iyojwa'ja Chorote, Manjuy), Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
- Guana (Kaskihá), Paraguay

- Guaraní, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay
o Bolivian Guarani
" Chiriguano, Bolivia
" Guarayo (East Bolivian Guarani)
o Chiripá (Tsiripá, Ava), Bolivia
o Pai Tavytera (Pai, Montese, Ava), Bolivia
o Tapieté (Guaraní Ñandéva, Yanaigua), eastern Bolivia
o Yuqui (Bia), Bolivia

- Guaycuru peoples, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay
o Mbayá (Caduveo), historic
" Kadiweu, Brazil
o Mocoví (Mocobí), Argentina
o Pilagá (Pilage Toba)
o Toba (Qom, Frentones), Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay

- Kaiwá, Argentina and Brazil

- Lengua people (Enxet),[51] Paraguay
o North Lengua (Eenthlit, Enlhet, Maskoy), Paraguay
o South Lengua, Paraguay

- Lulé (Pelé, Tonocoté), Argentina
- Maká (Towolhi), Paraguay
- Nivaclé (Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Chulupe, Guentusé), Argentina and Paraguay
- Sanapaná (Quiativis), Paraguay
- Vilela, Argentina
- Wichí (Mataco), Argentina and Bolivia