- Aché, southeastern Paraguay
- Alacaluf (Kaweshkar, Halakwulup), Chile
- Chaná (extinct), formerly Uruguay
- Chandule (Chandri)
- Charrúa, southern Brazil and Uruguay
- Chono (Precolumbian culture), formerly Chiloé Archipelago, Chile
- Comechingon (Henia-Camiare), Argentina
- Haush (Manek'enk, Mánekenk, Aush), Tierra del Fuego
- Het (Querandí) (extinct), formerly Argentinian Pampas
o Chechehet
o Didiuhet
o Taluhet
- Huarpe (Warpes) (extinct), Strait of Magellan, Chile
o Allentiac (Alyentiyak)
o Millcayac (Milykayak)
o Oico
- Mapuche (Araucanian), southwestern Argentina and Chile
o Huilliche (Huillice, Hulliche), Chile
o Lafquenche
o Mapuche, southwestern Argentina and Chile
o Pehuenche, south central Chile and Argentina
o Picunche, formerly Chile
o Promaucae, formerly Chile
- Mbeguá (extinct), formerly Paraná River, Argentina
- Minuane (extinct), formerly Uruguay
- Puelche (Guenaken, Pampa) (extinct), Argentinian and Chilean Andes
- Tehuelche, Patagonia
o Künün-a-Güna (Gennakenk, Gennaken)
o Küwach-a-Güna
o Mecharnúekenk
o Aónikenk (Zuidelijke Tehuelche)
- Selk'nam (Ona), southern Argentina and Chile
- Yaghan (Yamana), Tierra del Fuego
- Yaro (Jaro)