- Anode: It is an electrode through which (positive) electric current flows into a polarized electrical device.
- Cathode: It is an electrode through which (positive) electric current flows out of a polarized electrical device.
- Electric potential: It is the potential energy per unit of charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential, typically measured in volts. The difference of electrical potential between two points is known as voltage.
- Electromagnetism: This is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that have an electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. The magnetic field is produced by the motion of electric charges, i.e. electric current. The magnetic field causes the magnetic force associated with magnets.
- Hall effect: It refers to the potential difference (Hall voltage) on
the opposite sides of an electrical conductor through which an electric
current is flowing, created by a magnetic field applied perpendicular to
the current. Edwin Hall discovered this effect in 1879. The ratio of the
voltage created to the product of the amount of current and the magnetic
field divided by the element thickness is known as the Hall coefficient.